ANIMAL HUSBANDRY AND VETERINARY SCIENCE SYLLABUS I IAS 2012 ANIMAL HUSBANDRY SYLLABUS I IAS 2012 MAINS SYLLABUS I IAS 2012 OPTIONAL SUBJECT SYLLABUS I IAS 2012 VETERINARY SCIENCE SYLLABUS I IAS 2012 SYLLABUS I IAS 2012 PREPARATION I IAS 2012 VETERNARY SCIENCE SYLLABUS I

ANIMAL HUSBANDRY AND VETERINARY SCIENCE

PAPER-I

1. Animal Nutrition: 

• Partitioning of food energy within the animal. Direct and indirect calorimetry.Carbon – nitrogen balance and comparative slaughter methods.Systems for expressing energy value of foods in ruminants, pigs and poultry.Energy requirements for maintenance,growth,pregnancy, lactation,egg,wool,and meat production.

• Latest  advances  in  protein  nutrition. Energy  protein  interrelationships.Evaluation of protein quality. Use of NPN compounds in ruminant diets.Protein requirements  for maintenance, growth, pregnancy, lactation, egg,wool and meat production.

• Major  and  trace minerals-Their  sources,physiological  functions  and deficiency symptoms. Toxic minerals. Mineral interactions.Role of fat-soluble and water  – soluble  vitamins  in  the  body,  their sources  and  deficiency symptoms.

• Feed  additives  – methane  inhibitors,  probiotics,  enzymes,  antibiotics,hormones, oligosaccharides, antioxidants,  emulsifiers, mould  inhibitors,buffers etc. Use and abuse of growth promoters like hormones and antibiotics– latest concepts.

• Conservation of fodders. Storage of feeds and feed ingredients.Recent advances in feed technology and feed processing. Anti – nutritional and toxic factors  present  in  livestock  feeds.  Feed  analysis  and  quality  control.Digestibility trials – direct, indirect and indicator methods. Predicting feed intake in grazing animals.

• Advances in ruminant nutrition.Nutrient requirements.Balanced rations.Feeding of calves, pregnant, work animals and breeding bulls. Strategies for feeding milch animals during different stages of lactation cycle.Effect of feeding on milk composition. Feeding of goats for meat and milk production.Feeding of sheep for meat and wool production.

• Swine Nutrition. Nutrient requirements. Creep, starter, grower and finisher rations. Feeding of pigs for lean meat production. Low cost rations for swine.

• Poultry nutrition. Special features of poultry nutrition.Nutrient requirements for meat and egg production. Formulation of rations for different classes of layers and broilers.

2.  Animal Physiology: 

• Physiology of blood and its circulation, respiration; excretion. Endocrine glandsin health and disease.

• Blood constituents.-Properties and functions-blood cell formation-Haemoglobin synthesis  and  chemistry-plasma proteins  production,classification  and properties, coagulation of blood;Haemorrhagic disorders-anticoagulants-blood groups-Blood volume-Plasma expanders-Buffer systems in blood. Biochemical tests and their significance in disease diagnosis.

• Circulation. - Physiology of heart, cardiac cycle, heart sounds, heart beat,electrocardiograms. Work and efficiency of heart-effect of ions on heart function-metabolism of cardiac muscle, nervous and chemical regulation of heart,  effect  of  temperature  and  stress  on  heart,  blood  pressure  and hypertension, osmotic regulation, arterial pulse, vasomotor regulation of circulation, shock. Coronary and pulmonary circulation, Blood-Brain barrier-Cerebrospinal fluid- circulation in birds.

• Respiration. - Mechanism of respiration, Transport and exchange  of gases –neural control of respiration-chemo-receptors-hypoxia-respiration in birds.

• Excretion-Structure and function of kidney-formation of urine-methods of studying renal function-renal regulation of acid-base balance:physiological constituents of urine-renal failure-passive venous congestion-Urinary secretion in chicken-Sweat glands and their function. Bio-chemical test for urinary dysfunction.

• Endocrine glands.  -Functional disorders  their symptoms  and diagnosis.Synthesis of hormones, mechanism and  control of secretion- hormonal receptors-classification and function.

• Growth and Animal Production- Prenatal and postnatal growth, maturation,growth curves,  measures of growth, factors affecting growth, conformation,body composition, meat quality.

• Physiology of Milk Production,  Reproduction and Digestion- Current status of hormonal control of mammary development, milk secretion and milk ejection, Male  and  Female  reproductive  organs,  their  components and functions. Digestive organs and their functions.

• Environmental Physiology- Physiological  relations  and  their  regulation;mechanisms of adaptation, environmental factors and regulatory mechanisms involved in animal behaviour, climatology – various parameters and their importance. Animal ecology.Physiology of behaviour.Effect of stress on health and production.  

3.  Animal Reproduction:

• Semen quality- Preservation and Artificial Insemination- Components of semen, composition of spermatozoa, chemical and physical properties of ejaculated semen, factors affecting semen in vivo and in vitro. Factors affectingsemen production and quality, preservation, composition of diluents, sperm concentration, transport of diluted semen. Deep freezing techniques in cows,sheep, goats, swine and poultry. Detection of oestrus and time of insemination for better conception. Anoestrus and repeat breeding.

4.  Livestock Production and Management: 

• Commercial  Dairy Farming- Comparison of dairy farming in India with advanced countries. Dairying under mixed farming and as  specialized farming, economic dairy  farming.  Starting  of  a  dairy  farm, Capital  and  land  requirement,organization  of  the  dairy  farm. Opportunities  in  dairy  farming,  factors determining the efficiency of dairy animal. Herd recording, budgeting, cost of milk production, pricing policy; Personnel Management. Developing Practical and Economic rations for dairy cattle; supply of greens throughout the year,feed and fodder requirements of Dairy Farm. Feeding regimes for  young stock and bulls, heifers and breeding animals; new trends in feeding young and adult stock; Feeding records.

• Commercial meat, egg and wool production- Development of practical and economic rations for sheep, goats, pigs, rabbits and poultry. Supply of greens, fodder, feeding regimes for young and mature stock. New trends in enhancing production and management. Capital and  land requirements and socioeconomic concept.

• Feeding and management of animals under drought, flood and other natural calamities.

5.  Genetics and Animal Breeding:

• History of animal genetics. Mitosis and Meiosis: Mendelian  inheritance;deviations to Mendelian genetics; Expression of genes;Linkage and crossing over; Sex determination, sex influenced and sex limited characters;Blood groups and polymorphism; Chromosome aberrations; Cytoplasmic inheritance.Gene and its structure; DNA as a genetic material; Genetic code and protein synthesis; Recombinant DNA technology. Mutations, types of mutations, methods for detecting mutations and mutation rate. Trans-genesis.

• Population Genetics applied to Animal Breeding- Quantitative Vs. qualitative traits; Hardy Weinberg Law; Population Vs. individual; Gene and genotypic frequency;  Forces  changing  gene  frequency; Random  drift  and  small populations;Theory of path coefficient; Inbreeding,methods of estimating inbreeding coefficient, systems of inbreeding,Effective population size;Breeding value, estimation of breeding value, dominance and epistatic deviation;Partitioning of variation; Genotype X environment correlation and genotype X environment  interaction;  role  of multiple measurements; Resemblance between relatives.

• Breeding Systems-Breeds of livestsock and Poultry.Heritability, repeatability and genetic and phenotypic correlations, their methods of estimation and precision of estimates; Aids to selection and their relative merits; Individual,pedigree, family and within family selection; Progeny testing; Methods of selection; Construction of selection indices and their uses; Comparative evaluation of genetic gains  through various  selection methods;Indirect selection and correlated response; Inbreeding, out breeding, upgrading, crossbreeding and synthesis of breeds; Crossing of inbred lines for commercial production; Selection for general and specific combining ability; Breeding for threshold characters. Sire index.

6.  Extension:

• Basic philosophy, objectives, concept and principles of extension. Different Methods adopted to educate farmers under rural conditions.Generation of technology, its transfer and feedback. Problems and constraints in transfer of technology. Animal husbandry programmes for rural development.

PAPER – II

1.  Anatomy, Pharmacology and Hygiene: 

• Histology and Histological Techniques:Paraffin embedding technique of tissue processing and H.E.staining -Freezing microtomy-Microscopy-Bright field microscope and electron microscope. Cytology-structure of cell, organells and  inclusions;  cell  division-cell  types-  Tissues  and  their  classification embryonic and  adult  tissues-Comparative  histology of  organs-Vascular.Nervous, digestive, respiratory, musculo- skeletal and urogenital systems- Endocrine glands -Integuments-sense organs.

• Embryology–Embryology of vertebrates with special reference to aves and domestic mammals gametogenesis-fertilization-germ layers-foetal membranes  and placentation-types of placenta  in domestic mammals-Teratology-twins  and  twinning-  organogenesis  -germ  layer  derivativesendodermal,mesodermal and ectodermal derivates.

• Bovine Anatomy- Regional Anatomy: Paranasal sinuses of OX- surface anatomy of salivary glands. Regional anatomy of  infraorbital, maxillary,mandibuloalveolar,mental and cornual nerve block.Regional anatomy of paravertebral nerves, pudendal nerve, median ulnar and  radial nervestibial,fibular and digital nerves-Cranial nerves-structures involved in epidural anaesthesia-superficial lymph nodes-surface anatomy of visceral organs of thoracic,abdominal and pelvic cavities-comparative features of locomotor apparatus and their application in the biomechanics of mammalian body.

• Anatomy of Fowl- Musculo-skeletal system-functional anatomy in relation to respiration and flying, digestion and egg production.

• Pharmacology and therapeutic drugs Cellular level of pharmaco dynamics and pharmaco kinetics. Drugs acting on fluids and electrolyte balance.Drugs acting on Autonomic nervous system. Modern concepts of anaesthesia and dissociative  anaesthetics. Autacoids.Antimicrobials  and principles  of chemotherapy in microbial infections. Use of hormones in  therapeuticschemotherapy of parasitic infections.Drug and economic concerns in the Edible tissues of animals- chemotherapy of Neoplastic diseases.Toxicity due to insecticides,plants, metals, non-metals,zootoxins and mycotoxins.

• Veterinary Hygiene with reference to water,air and habitation -Assessment of pollution of water,air and soil-Importance of climate in animal health effect of environment on animal function and performance-relationship between industrialization and animal agriculture- animal housing requirements for specific categories of domestic animals viz. pregnant cows and sows, milking cows,  broiler  birds-  stress,  strain  and  productivity  in  relation  to  animal habitation.

2.  Animal Diseases: 

• Etiology,  epidemiology  pathogenesis, symptoms, postmortem  lesions,diagnosis, and control of infectious diseases of cattle, sheep and goat, horses,pigs and poultry.

• Etiology,  epidemiology,  symptoms,  diagnosis, treatment  of  production diseases of cattle, horse, pig and poultry.

• Deficiency diseases of domestic animals and birds.

• Diagnosis and treatment of non-specific conditions like impaction, Bloat,Diarrhoea, Indigestion, dehydration, stroke, poisoning.

• Diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders.

• Principles and methods of immunization of animals against specific disease sherd immunity- disease free zones- ‘zero’ disease concept- chemoprophylaxis.

• Anaesthesia- local, regional and general-preanesthetic medication. Symptoms and surgical interference in fractures and dislocation.Hernia,choking abomasaldisplacement- Caesarian operations. Rumenotomy-Castrations.

• Disease investigation techniques.- Materials for laboratory investigation-Establishment of  Animal Health Centers- Disease free zone-

3. Veterinary Public Health: 

• Zoonoses-Classification,definition,role of animals and birds in prevalence & transmission of zoonotic diseases- occupational zoonotic diseases.

• Epidemiology-Principle,definition of epidemiological terms,application of epidemio-logical measures in  the study of diseases and disease control.Epidemiological  features  of  air, water  and  food  borne  infections. OIE regulations, WTO, sanitary and phytosanitary measures.

• Veterinary Jurisprudence-Rules and Regulations for improvement of animal quality and prevention of animal diseases -State and central rules  for prevention of animal and animal product borne diseases- S P C A- Veterolegal cases- Certificates -Materials and Methods of collection of samples for veterolegal investigation.

4. Milk and Milk Products Technology: 

• Market Milk:Quality, testing and grading of raw milk.Processing,packaging,storing, distribution,marketing,defects and their control.Preparation of the following milks: Pasteurized, standardized, toned, double toned, sterilized,homogenized, reconstituted, recombined and  flavoured milks. Preparation of cultured milks, cultures and their management, yoghurt, Dahi, Lassi and Srikhand. Preparation of flavoured and sterilized milks. Legal standards.Sanitation requirement for clean and safe milk and for the milk plant equipment.

• Milk Products Technology.-Selection of raw materials,processing, storing,distributing and marketing milk products such as Cream,Butter,Ghee,Khoa,Channa,Cheese,Condensed, evaporated, dried milk and baby food,Ice cream and Kulfi; by-products, whey products, butter milk,lactose and casein. Testing, grading, judging milk products- BIS and Agmark specifications,legal standards, quality control and nutritive properties. Packaging, processing and operational control. Costing of dairy products.

5.  Meat Hygiene and Technology: 

• Meat Hygiene.

• Ante mortem care and management of food animals, stunning,slaughter and dressing operations; abattoir requirements and designs;Meat inspection procedures and judgment of carcass meat cuts-grading of carcass meat cuts- duties and functions of Veterinarians in wholesome meat production.

• Hygienic methods of handling production of meat- Spoilage of meat and control measures- Post - slaughter physicochemical changes in meat and factors that influence them- Quality improvement methods–Adulteration of meat and detection - Regulatory provisions in Meat trade and Industry.

• Meat Technology.

• Physical and chemical characteristics of meat-Meat emulsions-Methods of preservation of meat-Curing, canning,irradiation,packaging of meat and meat products, processing and formulations.

• By- products-Slaughter house by-products and their utilization-Edible and inedible by products- Social and economic implications of proper utilization of slaughter house by-products- Organ products for food and pharmaceuticals.Poultry Products Technology- Chemical composition and nutritive value of poultry meat, pre - slaughter care and management. Slaughtering techniques,inspection,  preservation  of  poultry meat  and  products.  Legal  and BIS standards.Structure,composition  and  nutritive  value  of  eggs. Microbial  spoilage.Preservation and maintenance. Marketing of poultry meat, eggs and products.Value added meat products.

• Rabbit/Fur Animal farming -Rabbit meat production.Disposal and utilization of fur and wool and recycling of waste by products.Grading of wool.

META TAGS:-IAS 2012 ANIMAL HUSBANDRY AND VETERINARY SCIENCE SYLLABUS I UPSC 2012 MAINS SYLLABUS I DOWNLOAD IAS 2012 SYLLABUS I IAS 2012 EXAM SYLLABUS I IAS 2012 MAINS SYLLABUS I IAS 2012 ANIMAL HUSBANDRY AND VETERINARY SCIENCE SYLLABUS I DOWNLOAD IAS 2012 SYLLABUS I DOWNLOAD IAS 2012 COMPLETE SYLLABUS I IAS 2012 COMPLETE SYLLABUS IN PDF I IAS 2012 MAINS EXAMINATION SYLLABUS I INDIAN ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES SYLLABUS I INDIAN RAILWAY SERVICES SYLLABUS I UPSC 2012 ANIMAL HUSBANDRY SYLLABUS I DOWNLOAD UPSC SYLLABUS