GRADUATE APTITUDE TEST IN ENGINEERING
GATE 2013 SYLLABUS
BIOTECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING (BT)
ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS:
- Linear Algebra:Matrices and determinants, Systems of linear equations, Eigen values and Eigen vectors.
- Calculus:Limit, continuity and differentiability, Partial derivatives, Maxima and minima, Sequences and series, Test for convergence, Fourier Series.
- Differential Equations:Linear & nonlinear first order ODEs,higher order ODEs with constant coefficients, Cauchy’s and Euler’s equations, Laplace transforms, PDE- Laplace, heat and wave equations.
- Probability and Statistics:Mean,median,mode & standard deviation,Random variables, Poisson, normal and binomial distributions, Correlation and regression analysis.
- Numerical Methods:Solution of linear and nonlinear algebraic equations, Integration of trapezoidal and Simpson’s rule, Single and multistep methods for differential equations.
BIOTECHNOLOGY
- Microbiology:Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell structure; Microbial nutrition, growth and control;Microbial metabolism (aerobic & anaerobic respiration, photosynthesis); Nitrogen fixation;Chemical basis of mutations & mutagens; Microbial genetics (plasmids, transformation, transduction, conjugation); Microbial diversity and characteristic features; Viruses.
- Biochemistry:Biomolecules and their conformation;Ramachandran map; Weak inter-molecular interactions in biomacromolecules; Chemical and functional nature of enzymes; Kinetics of single substrate and bi-substrate enzyme catalyzed reactions; Bioenergetics; Metabolism (Glycolysis, TCA & Oxidative phosphorylation); Membrane transport & pumps; Cell cycle and cell growth control; Cell signaling and signal transduction; Biochemical and biophysical techniques for macromolecular analysis.
- Molecular Biology & Genetics:Molecular structure of genes & chromosomes; DNA replication & control;Transcription & its control;Translational processes; Regulatory controls in prokaryotes & eukaryote;Mendelian inheritance; Gene interaction; Complementation ; Linkage,recombination & chromosome mapping; Extrachromosomal inheritance; Chromosomal variation; Population genetics; Transposable elements, Molecular basis of genetic diseases and applications.
- Process Biotechnology:Bioprocess technology for the production of cell biomass and primary/secondary metabolites, such as baker’s yeast, ethanol, citric acid, amino acids, exo-polysacharides, antibiotics and pigments etc.; Microbial production, purification and bioprocess application(s) of industrial enzymes;Production & purification of recombinant proteins on a large scale; Chromatographic & membrane based bioseparation methods; Immobilization of enzymes and cells and their application for bioconversion processes. Aerobic & anaerobic biological processes for stabilization of solid / liquid wastes; Bioremediation.
- Bioprocess Engineering:Kinetics of microbial growth,substrate utilization and product formation; Simple structured models; Sterilization of air and media; Batch, fed-batch and continuous processes; Aeration and agitation; Mass transfer in bioreactors; Rheology of fermentation fluids; Scale-up concepts; Design of fermentation media; Various types of microbial and enzyme reactors; Instrumentation in bioreactors.
- Plant & Animal Biotechnology:Special features & organization of plant cells; Totipotency ; Regeneration of plants; Plant products of industrial importance; Biochemistry of major metabolic pathways and products; Autotrophic and heterotrophic growth; Plant growth regulators & elicitors;Cell suspension culture development: methodology, kinetics of growth & production formation,nutrient optimization;Production of secondary metabolites by plant suspension cultures; Hairy root cultures and their cultivation. Techniques in raising transgencies.
- Characteristics of animal cells:Metabolism, regulation and nutritional requirements for mass cultivation of animal cell cultures; Kinetics of cell growth and product formation and effect of shear force;Product & substrate transport; Micro & macro-carrier culture; Hybridoma technology; Live stock improvement; Cloning in animals; Genetic engineering in animal cell culture; Animal cell preservation.
- Immunology:The origin of immunology; Inherent immunity; Humoral and cell mediated immunity; Primary & secondary lymphoid organ; Antigen; B & T cells and Macrophages; Major histocompatibility complex (MHC); Antigen processing and presentation; Synthesis of antibody & secretion; Molecular basis of antibody diversity; Polyclonal and monoclonal antibody;Complement; Antigen-antibody reaction;Regulation of immune response; Immune tolerance; Hyper sensitivity; Autoimmunity; Graft versus host reaction.
- Recombinant DNA Technology:Restriction & modification enzymes; Vectors: plasmid, bacteriophage and other viral vectors, cosmids, Ti plasmid, yeast artificial chromosome; cDNA & genomic DNA library; Gene isolation; Gene cloning; Expression of cloned gene; Transposons & gene targeting;DNA labeling; DNA sequencing;Polymerase chain reactions; DNA fingerprinting; Southern and northern blotting; In-situ hybridization; RAPD; RFLP; Site-directed mutagenesis; Gene transfer technologies; Gene therapy.
- Bioinformatics:Major bioinformatics resources (NCBI, EBI, ExPASy); Sequence & structure databases; Sequence analysis (biomolecular sequence file formats, scoring matrices, sequence alignment, phylogeny);Genomics & Proteomics (Large scale genome sequencing strategies; Comparative genomics; Understanding DNA microarrays and protein arrays); Molecular modeling and simulations (basic concepts including concept of force fields).
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